Integrated Pest Management

Soft Brown Scale
HEMEPTERA: COCCIDAE: Coccus hesperidum

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Identification

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Check Your Diagnosis

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Data Sheet

Damage Symptoms

on fruit

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 on leaves

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 on blossom

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 on twigs

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1. On Fruit

Feeding damage Want to know more?
Heavy outbreaks can reduce tree vigor, but seldom result in the loss of fruit
  • Drop of small fruit due to infestations beneath the sepals
  • Staining the ripe fruit through excessive sooty mould deposits

2. On Leaves

Feeding damage Want to know more?
Seldom heavy infestation on leaves  

3. On Blossoms

NONE

4. On Twigs

Feeding damage Want to know more?
Heavy infestations lead to formation of sooty mould
Reduce tree vigor		 Sooty mould attracts ants because of honeydew excretions of the Soft Brown Scale

Life Cycle

Drawing of life cycle
Gradual metamorphosis: nymphs look like adults, only smaller    
r-strategist:
  • high reproduction (infestation levels rise quickly)
  • low survival (can easily be killed)
  • rebound quickly ( after spraying pest levels can rise fast if all predators are killed)
    
Eggs Thin walled eggs 100 eggs per female
Larvae 2 moults

Crawlers move up and outwards

  
Mature female Ovi-vivparous

Produce honeydew, that results in sooty mould

 Sexually mature female can be 5mm long
Multivoltine: several generations per year    

Seasonal Cycle in Vaalharts

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Top Check Your Diagnosis Data Sheet Natural Enemies Management
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Natural Enemies

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Top Check Your Diagnosis Data Sheet Natural Enemies Management
    DAMAGE SYMPTOMS   MONITOR
    LIFE CYCLE   ECONOMIC THRESHOLD
    SEASONAL CYCLE   CONTROL OPTIONS
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Management

 
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